How Hyperglycemia Happens

Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing heart complications because of the persistent high blood glucose levels. The complexities arise from the effect of diabetes on blood vessels and the heart directly. The narrowing and stiffening of arteries in coronary artery disease (CAD) hampers the delivery of vital blood to the heart, leading to possible harm.

Even if a person has a blood glucose level above 180 mg/dl, symptoms may not occur immediately or at all. Underlying health conditions and typical blood sugar levels can all affectTrusted Source the onset and severity of symptoms.

A person may have hyperglycemia but experience no noticeable symptoms for yearsTrusted Source. Symptoms may also worsen the longer blood sugar levels remain high.

People with diabetes should self-monitor regularly to catch glucose levels before they reach the stage where they cause symptoms.

Here are some key points related to diabetic heart problems:

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is a major concern for individuals with diabetes. The combination of high blood sugar levels and other cardiovascular risk factors accelerates the process of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart. This can result in chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and even heart failure.
Silent Ischemia: Diabetic individuals are more likely to experience “silent ischemia,” where they have reduced blood flow to the heart muscle without experiencing the typical chest pain symptoms. This can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, increasing the risk of heart damage.
Heart Failure: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. The chronic damage to blood vessels, along with the adverse effects of high blood sugar on heart muscle function, contributes to the development of heart failure.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Diabetes can also lead to peripheral artery disease, a condition in which blood flow to the limbs is restricted due to narrowed arteries. This can result in pain, decreased mobility, and even non-healing ulcers or infections in the extremities.
Prevention and Management: Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in preventing and managing diabetic heart problems. Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, adhering to a balanced diet, monitoring blood sugar levels, managing blood pressure and cholesterol, and avoiding smoking are all important steps.
Medical Management: Diabetic individuals may require medications to control blood sugar levels (antidiabetic medications or insulin), blood pressure, and cholesterol. Aspirin or other blood-thinning medications might also be recommended to reduce the risk of blood clots.
Regular Check-ups: Routine medical check-ups are essential for individuals with diabetes to monitor their cardiovascular health. Early detection and management of any heart-related issues can help prevent serious complications.

It’s important for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to develop a personalized plan that addresses both their diabetes management and their cardiovascular health. By effectively managing diabetes and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, the risk of diabetic heart problems can be significantly reduced.